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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*KAjyr face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"castoreum, the odorous secretion of the beaver face="Times New Roman Star"ìóñêóñ, ïàõó÷èå âûäåëåíèÿ áîáðà face="Times New Roman Star"qajyr (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qunduz qajyry (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"Sib. qajyr face="Times New Roman Star"qajyr (Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"xajyr face="Times New Roman Star"qajyr face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 222, EDT 678-679.
face="Times New Roman Star"*KAtyr face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"mule face="Times New Roman Star"ìóë face="Times New Roman Star"qatyr (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"katyr face="Times New Roman Star"qatyr (AH , Houts. , IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"Gatyr face="Times New Roman Star"Gatyr face="Times New Roman Star"qatyr face="Times New Roman Star"qadyr face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 242, ÝÑÒß 5, 339-340, TMN 3, No 1395. The Turkic form may well be borrowed < Iran., cf. Saka khad.ara- 'mule'. Here -d.- points to *rd, cf. Sogd. g|rtr'k < *xarataraka 'mule' (for a quite similar compound cf. Pers. astar 'mule' < *assa-tara 'horse from one side' (Bailey 70). Doerfer is concerned about lack of length in Turkic, but length is likewise lacking in Saka and other Iranian forms. The only phonetic difficulty is the Turkic reflex -t-, because Saka d. in the Saka-Uygh. glossary (14th c.) renders Turkic -r-. In one obvious Saka loan the Saka -d.- is indeed rendered as -r-: cu:d.a:m. 'stadium' (Av. c?ar@tu-) > OT (Hap. by MK ) c?ura:m 'a shot with a light far-flying arrow. However, if 'mule' is borrowed, it is hardly a Xinjiang loanword but rather a Common Turkic, and perhaps from another Iranian language (Sogdian?).
face="Times New Roman Star"*gEgrek face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"lower soft ribs face="Times New Roman Star"íèæíèå ìÿãêèå ðåáðà face="Times New Roman Star"geg|rek face="Times New Roman Star"gejrek face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 3, 14, Äûáî 307, Ëåêñèêà 276.
face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)atyr- ( ?-d-) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 grayling 2 sturgeon face="Times New Roman Star"1 õàðèóñ 2 îñåòð face="Times New Roman Star"xaty:s 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qadyrg|y 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 219.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ide (/*ede) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"very, of course, emphatic adverb face="Times New Roman Star"î÷åíü, óñèëèòåëüíîå íàðå÷èå face="Times New Roman Star"idi (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"id|i (KB ); id|rig 'anything hard' (MK - Argu) face="Times New Roman Star"eje face="Times New Roman Star"@ze face="Times New Roman Star"eze face="Times New Roman Star"ara face="Times New Roman Star"iti face="Times New Roman Star"ide face="Times New Roman Star"iji face="Times New Roman Star"ije face="Times New Roman Star"eje face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 41, 65, ÝÑÒß 1, 335. Tat., Chuv. ije 'yes', erroneously related here in ÝÑÒß , have different connections, cf. Khak. ja 'yes', Tof. ijen, ijne, MTurk. Xwar. , Kypch., Osm. inen|, inen (EDT 42); the Kypchak forms above, because of the merger of *-d- and *-j-, can have either origin.
face="Times New Roman Star"*atkak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"gills face="Times New Roman Star"æàáðû face="Times New Roman Star"atpax face="Times New Roman Star"attaq face="Times New Roman Star"atqaq face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 31. A local Siberian word; should be kept distinct from *a.t(ky)- 'pinch, pinchful, handful' (q. v. sub *p`a>/t`a\(-kV) ).
face="Times New Roman Star"*jaba face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"2 wild onion 3 onion-like edible plant face="Times New Roman Star"1 âèä ãðèáêà 2 ñúåäîáíîå ðàñòåíèå, ïîõîæåå íà ëóê face="Times New Roman Star"java 2(?) (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"java (MK ) 'al-t.urt_u:t_' [Bib.-Kaz.: 'a reddish edible plant', Belot: 'a medicinal grass', Lane: 'cynomorium']; 'a plant the juice of which is used to colour noodles'. face="Times New Roman Star"juwa 2 face="Times New Roman Star"juwa, Sib. juwa 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jawa OKypch (Houts. ) 2, 'leek' face="Times New Roman Star"juva 2 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ama 'mountain garlic' face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:t 'cudbear, lichen' face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:t 'horse-tail' face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ua 2 face="Times New Roman Star"z?uwa 2 face="Times New Roman Star"juwa 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jywa 2 face="Times New Roman Star"z?uwa 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 871-872, ÝÑÒß 4, 240. The OUygh. word is attested in a Buddhist text describing blossoming spring plants: o"zlerdeki o"zeklerdeki java c?igidem "the java and the crocuses in valleys and ravines"; so, despite Clauson 414, this is certainly not a mushroom; probably some onion-like plant (ãóñèíûé ëóê?).
face="Times New Roman Star"*jaba face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"very face="Times New Roman Star"î÷åíü face="Times New Roman Star"jaba face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:, c?ab-c?a:
face="Times New Roman Star"*jal-k- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to suffer pain, be nauseated, hate face="Times New Roman Star"÷óâñòâîâàòü áîëü, òîøíîòó, îòâðàùåíèå face="Times New Roman Star"jalq- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"jalqy- (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"sal-t- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 924, VEWT 183, ÝÑÒß 4, 14-15. Note that modern Kypch. and Sib. forms meaning 'lazy, be lazy' (jalqy-, z?|alqy-) do not belong here but are rather borrowed < Mong. z?|alka- having a quite different origin (see under *z?|el/o). On the other hand, cf. the common Turkic derivative *jal-ta-, perhaps reflected in the above Yak. form, as well as in Turkm. jalta, Shor c?altak, Khak. c?alty 'lazy', Tur. jaltak 'bootlicker' etc. (see ÝÑÒß 4, 101-102).
face="Times New Roman Star"*jigi / *jygy face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"thick, dense face="Times New Roman Star"ãóñòîé, ïëîòíûé face="Times New Roman Star"jigi (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"jigi (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"jyg|y face="Times New Roman Star"jyg|y face="Times New Roman Star"jik face="Times New Roman Star"c?y'q face="Times New Roman Star"z?iji face="Times New Roman Star"jyjy face="Times New Roman Star"z?iji face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 911, VEWT 202, ÝÑÒß 4, 272.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ji:k face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"seam face="Times New Roman Star"øîâ face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ek, dial. jek face="Times New Roman Star"c?@k face="Times New Roman Star"jik, d/ik face="Times New Roman Star"si:k face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ik face="Times New Roman Star"z?ik face="Times New Roman Star"jek (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ik face="Times New Roman Star"z?ik face="Times New Roman Star"jik face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 195, 202, ÝÑÒß 4, 197-198, 257-258. The root should be distinguished from *jib q. v. sub *zi_upi .
face="Times New Roman Star"*jyp / *jip face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"thread face="Times New Roman Star"íèòêà face="Times New Roman Star"jyp (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"jyp (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"ip face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ep face="Times New Roman Star"jip (AH , Ettuhf. ), ip (Pav. C. , AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"jip face="Times New Roman Star"jip, jep face="Times New Roman Star"ip face="Times New Roman Star"ju"p face="Times New Roman Star"c?@p face="Times New Roman Star"c?ip face="Times New Roman Star"jip, d/ip face="Times New Roman Star"jip face="Times New Roman Star"s/ip face="Times New Roman Star"sip 'hook on a fishing rod', sippe 'thread' face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ip face="Times New Roman Star"z?ip face="Times New Roman Star"jep face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ib, zip face="Times New Roman Star"jip face="Times New Roman Star"jip face="Times New Roman Star"z?ip face="Times New Roman Star"jip face="Times New Roman Star"jip face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 870, VEWT 204, ÝÑÒß 4, 268-269. Cf. also the derivative *jipek id. (ÝÑÒß 4, 269-270).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ba.ny- ? *bony- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"big, large face="Times New Roman Star"áîëüøîé face="Times New Roman Star"múw|núw| face="Times New Roman Star"Ôåäîòîâ 1, 349.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bu":ri face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"head of an arrow face="Times New Roman Star"íàêîíå÷íèê ñòðåëû face="Times New Roman Star"bu"ri 'end of shaft inserted into arrow head' (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"bu"r-ges (dimin.) 'awl, arrow with awl-like head' face="Times New Roman Star"bu":rges 'ein Kampfpfeil mit pfriemfo"rmiger Spitze' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 356, VEWT 71, Stachowski 69.
face="Times New Roman Star"*o"jek face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"part of animal's skin under the neck or between legs face="Times New Roman Star"ïîäãðóäîê face="Times New Roman Star"o"jek (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"u"ja"k (R ) face="Times New Roman Star"o"jek (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"o"jek (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"o":k face="Times New Roman Star"o"jo"k face="Times New Roman Star"vaja, vaz?|a face="Times New Roman Star"o"jek face="Times New Roman Star"o":k face="Times New Roman Star"u"jsek face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 369-370, ÝÑÒß 1, 515, Ëåêñèêà 146, 423.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bAn/y- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 hare 2 marmot face="Times New Roman Star"1 çàÿö 2 ñóðîê face="Times New Roman Star"bajbaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"majc?yq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"molgas//c? face="Times New Roman Star"bajbaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 7, under *majmak 'club-footed', Ñåòàðîâ 1970 . The traditional etymology of Chuv. (Ôåäîòîâ 1, 362, Åãîðîâ 134-135) from an unattested Udm. *mu 'earth' + lud kec? 'field hare' is quite incredible: the Chuv. form is well explained < *ban/y-l-kac? (a diminutive). {Chuv. may be rather < **byn/l/(yk) q. v.}
face="Times New Roman Star"*bo"gu" face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"wizard face="Times New Roman Star"ìóäðåö, êîëäóí face="Times New Roman Star"bo"gu" (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"bo"gu" (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"bo"ju" face="Times New Roman Star"bu"gu" (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"bu": face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 324, VEWT 83, ÝÑÒß 2, 293-294. Turk. > Mong. bo"g|e id., see TMN 1, 234. Turk. > Hung. bu? 'witchcraft' (< *bu"g|u"), see Gombocz 1912 .
face="Times New Roman Star"*jyn|ak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"side, direction face="Times New Roman Star"ñòîðîíà, íàïðàâëåíèå face="Times New Roman Star"jyn|aq (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"jyn|aq (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 201, EDT 949. As suggested by Clauson, merged with jan|ak in later Turkic.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bu:n face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"defect face="Times New Roman Star"íåäîñòàòîê, äåôåêò face="Times New Roman Star"mun (KB ), muna- 'be defective'; mun, mun-lug| (IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"dial. myn|-da- 'become insufficient' face="Times New Roman Star"my:n- 'be insufficient' face="Times New Roman Star"munz?|u 'cripple' face="Times New Roman Star"ÎÑÍß 3, 55, VEWT 344, ÝÑÒß 7. EDT 347 does not see back vowel forms in old texts and relates all the forms to *bu"n 'defect' q. v. sub *mu\ne .
face="Times New Roman Star"*bun- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to become mad, foolish 2 mad, crazy 3 to become old, senile face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñõîäèòü ñ óìà, ãëóïåòü 2 ñóìàñøåäøèé, ñëàáîóìíûé 3 äðÿõëåòü face="Times New Roman Star"mun- 1, mun|qul 2 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"mun- 1, munduz 2 (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"buna- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"mun- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"munu- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"mun- 'to go astray' face="Times New Roman Star"mun- 'go astray, lose one's way' face="Times New Roman Star"mun|g|aq 'resentful', myny- 3 (Todz?.), mun| dial. 2 (< *mun-k?) face="Times New Roman Star"bun- 'to be tired, dissatisfied', bunaq 'senile person' face="Times New Roman Star"buna- 1, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"munax 'irrational' (ÑÑß ) face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 514, EDT 348, 768, 769, ÎÑÍß 3, 53, Stachowski 181.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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